Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall is in the ideology file. Vote totals for the full service are not in this fixture.
Ideology over time
Martin-Quinn score by term against the Court median. Negative is liberal. Scores are relative to the docket. Intervals are not in this file. A single term is noisy.
Table
| series | term | martin_quinn |
|---|---|---|
| Marshall | 1967 | -0.961 |
| Marshall | 1968 | -0.971 |
| Marshall | 1969 | -0.903 |
| Marshall | 1970 | -0.933 |
| Marshall | 1971 | -1.029 |
| Marshall | 1972 | -1.323 |
| Marshall | 1973 | -1.478 |
| Marshall | 1974 | -1.534 |
| Marshall | 1975 | -2.113 |
| Marshall | 1976 | -2.426 |
| Marshall | 1977 | -2.724 |
| Marshall | 1978 | -3.110 |
| Marshall | 1979 | -3.381 |
| Marshall | 1980 | -3.564 |
| Marshall | 1981 | -3.695 |
| Marshall | 1982 | -3.871 |
| Marshall | 1983 | -3.927 |
| Marshall | 1984 | -3.998 |
| Marshall | 1985 | -4.079 |
| Marshall | 1986 | -4.260 |
| Marshall | 1987 | -4.415 |
| Marshall | 1988 | -4.485 |
| Marshall | 1989 | -4.456 |
| Marshall | 1990 | -4.304 |
| Court median | 1967 | -0.961 |
| Court median | 1968 | -0.971 |
| Court median | 1969 | 0.183 |
| Court median | 1970 | 0.590 |
| Court median | 1971 | 0.777 |
| Court median | 1972 | 1.055 |
| Court median | 1973 | 0.610 |
| Court median | 1974 | 0.618 |
| Court median | 1975 | 0.537 |
| Court median | 1976 | 0.492 |
| Court median | 1977 | 0.272 |
| Court median | 1978 | 0.108 |
| Court median | 1979 | 0.146 |
| Court median | 1980 | 0.068 |
| Court median | 1981 | 0.017 |
| Court median | 1982 | 0.467 |
| Court median | 1983 | 0.751 |
| Court median | 1984 | 0.676 |
| Court median | 1985 | 0.792 |
| Court median | 1986 | 0.755 |
| Court median | 1987 | 0.955 |
| Court median | 1988 | 1.030 |
| Court median | 1989 | 0.795 |
| Court median | 1990 | 0.963 |
Where Marshall came down, by issue
Share of votes coded liberal. The first-run issue table suppresses cells under 25 votes and does not publish a separate Court rate for this justice. Direction before 1946 is excluded.
Table
| issue | justice_liberal | court_liberal | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| Civil Rights | 0.845 | 3538 | |
| First Amendment | 0.836 | 3538 | |
| Criminal Procedure | 0.800 | 3538 | |
| Due Process | 0.771 | 3538 | |
| Federal Taxation | 0.750 | 3538 | |
| Unions | 0.683 | 3538 | |
| Federalism | 0.674 | 3538 | |
| Economic Activity | 0.629 | 3538 | |
| Judicial Power | 0.431 | 3538 |
At oral argument stage 3
Words per argument, questions to each side, interruptions given and received, and whether the side questioned more went on to lose. Formats are never pooled.
Source: Oyez speaker turns
Writing style stage 2
Words per opinion, reading grade, citations per thousand words, and the share of case versus statutory citations.
Source: CourtListener opinion text
Reasoning profile stage 6
Which reasoning techniques appear, against the Court average over the same terms. Validation accuracy prints beside the chart.
Source: Taxonomy classifier over opinion text
Before the Court stage 8
Pre-appointment opinions, reversal record and panel agreement.
Source: CourtListener, labeled by coverage